Musig2 introduction ​ The multi-signature scheme enables a group of signers to generate a joint signature on a message. Musig2 is a multi-signature scheme and a new variant of the MuSig signature scheme. MuSig allows multiple signers to create an aggregate public key from their respective private keys, and then jointly create…

Tapscript The Taproot upgrade is a compilation of three BIPs, which are Schnorr signatures (BIP 340), Taproot (BIP 341), and TapScript (BIP 342). Tapscript is the third part of the Taproot upgrade, supplementing Schnorr and Taproot. Tapscript mainly improves the upgrade mechanism and operation code. Tapscript can easily achieve unforeseen future…

The core of Taproot is composed of Schnorr signature and MAST abstract syntax tree, and the Taproot transaction process is explained in two aspects: the creation of Taproot public key and Taproot spending mode. Create Taproot public key To create a Taproot public key, you first need to understand the generation process of the…

Background Before Bitcoin activated Segregated Witness, its upper limit of transactions per second was 7 transactions per second, which is a far cry from the average tens of thousands transactions per second of Visa and 90,000 transactions per second at the peak of Alipay. As the user population continues to expand…

Layer 2 Layer2 technology, often referred to as an “off the chain” solution, is currently one of the growth and momentum of Bitcoin. By moving some of the data processing from the main chain to Layer2, the entire blockchain network is more scalable. …

P2TR Introduce ​Pay-to-Taproot (P2TR) is a ScriptPubKey that locks bitcoins to a script, allowing users to pay to the Merkle root of Schnorr public keys or various other scripts. On the surface, a P2TR output locks Bitcoin on a Schnorr public key, which we assume is Q. However, this public key Q…

NFT is a digital carrier or storage form based on blockchain technology, with uniqueness, indivisibility, tamper-proof modification, and traceability. At this stage, it is mostly used in digital art, but in theory it can correspond to all digital assets. NFT is not only solving the problem of copyright protection and…

Overview of Taproot Privacy, extensibility, and security are the main issues of the day. Despite being the world’s most popular cryptocurrency, Bitcoin still needs to address these issues, Taproot was born for this. Taproot consists of BIP340, BIP341, and BIP342, which contain Schnorr Signature, MAAST, and TapScript, respectively. …

Introduction 2021 is undoubtedly a year of progress for blockchain projects. While the blockchain industry is experiencing hardships, it is also undergoing a wealth of technological breakthroughs. Many high-quality blockchain projects have come to the fore. In the current trend, the most eye-catching and highly anticipated BTC upgrade project is about…